HVOF喷涂WC-12Co粒子沉积行为分析

目的 研究不同超音速火焰喷涂条件下WC-12Co粒子在45^#碳钢基体上的沉积变形行为。方法 基于Johnson-Cook塑性材料模型与Thermal-Isotropy-Phase-Change热材料模型，采用LS-DYNA进行建模分析。结果 不同喷涂参数下，WC-12Co粒子在45^#碳钢基体上的沉积行为存在明显差异。沉积过程中，粒子等效塑性应变幅度高于基体;粒子边缘位置等效塑性应变幅度高于粒子中心轴线位置;粒子初始速度与初始温度的增加有助于提升结合界面温度与粒子扁平化程度;粒子初始温度与粒子初始速度对接触界面能量变化影响程度基本一致，单位粒子初始速度与温度提升的能量贡献比 分别为0.78以及0.76，二者的能量贡献比近似相同;适度的基体预热( =500 K)可以促进粒子变形，加深沉积坑深度，增大粒子与基体的结合面积，有助于提升粒子与基体之间的结合强度。基体过冷( =300 K)将导致粒子“翘曲”，降低粒子与基体之间的结合面积，基体过热( =600 K)将导致二者结合处于不稳定状态，易引起粒子剥落，二者均不利于粒子与基体的有效结合。结论 一定范围内提升粒子初始速度、温度与基体初始温度，可以提高粒子扁平化程度，增大粒子与基体结合面积，提升粒子与基体的结合性能，进一步提高涂层质量。     

电流驰豫法测试氧化镧掺杂的氧化铈中氧离子迁移

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法(GNP)合成了Ce0.65La0.35O1.825(LDC)粉末,在1400℃下烧结10 h得到陶瓷试样,用XRD和SEM表征了样品的物相和表面形貌。用直流电场测试了试样在不同温度下的电流驰豫现象,并计算了不同温度下试样中迁移氧离子数目和材料直流电导率。结果表明,在固态电解质材料中突然施加强电场,可迁移离子基本都发生了位置偏移,但极少部分可以产生长程迁移。随着温度的升高,样品中发生迁移的氧离子数目增加,但都远小于氧空位总量。迁移氧离子数目与温度之间满足阿累尼乌斯公式,其迁移活化能为0.83 eV。     

Li-doping stabilized P2-Li0.2Na1.0Mn0.8O2 sodium ion cathode with oxygen redox activity

The discovery of the oxygen chemistry phenomenon reveals bright future toward new sustainable layered Na-based transitional oxides. However, the poor capacity retention problem of the cathode has hindered the development of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, a new Li-doped compound Li_0.2Na_1.0Mn_0.8O₂ is proposed, which demonstrates refined cycling durability with 51.6% after 100 cycles at 50 mA g⁻¹, superior than Na_1.2Mn_0.8O₂ with only one cycle. Then in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and density function theory (DFT) are employed to explore the lattice distortion and confirm stable lattice framework introduced by Li atoms with eliminated P2-O2 phase transition upon cycling, guaranteeing outstanding electrochemically stable performance. In addition, Li_0.2Na_1.0Mn_0.8O₂ demonstrates activation of Mn as well as O chemistry redox in the lattice, detected by ex situ electronic paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) as well as in situ Raman, which indicate not only Na-deficient Mn-based layered oxide but also Na-rich Mn-based compound can represent oxygen redox.     

High-performance oxygen transport membrane reactors integrated with IGCC for carbon capture

Precombustion carbon capture is an effective strategy to reduce large-scale CO₂ emissions, which is mainly used in the area of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. Oxygen transport membranes (OTMs) were suggested as the air separation unit to produce high purity oxygen for the gasifier. However, the improvement in efficiency was limited. Here, a new IGCC process is reported based on a robust OTM reactor, where the OTM reactor is used behind the coal gasifier. This IGCC-OTM process fulfills syngas oxidation, H₂ production, and carbon capture in one unit, thus a significant decrease of the energy penalty is expectable. The membrane reactor does not use noble metal components, and exhibits high hydrogen production rates, high hydrogen separation factor (10³–10⁴), and stable performance in a gas mixture mimicking real syngas compositions from a coal gasifier with H₂S concentrations up to 1,000 ppm.     

溶解氧变化对阴极极化下10Ni5CrMo钢氢脆敏感性的影响

摘要：为研究溶解氧质量浓度对10Ni5CrMo钢在阴极极化条件下氢脆敏感性影响规律，对10Ni5CrMo钢进行了阴极极化下的电化学交流阻抗谱测试﹑并采用慢应变速率拉伸实验和断口分析方法研究了海水中溶解氧质量浓度变化和不同阴极极化下10Ni5CrMo钢的氢脆敏感性。结果表明：溶解氧质量浓度变化对10Ni5CrMo钢强度几乎没有影响；同一溶解氧质量浓度下，随极化电位负移，断裂时间、伸长率、断面收缩率明显降低，氢脆系数增加，氢脆敏感性显著提高，极化电位达到-1000mV时，氢脆系数已超过安全区允许的最高值25%，进入危险区；同一极化电位下，随着海水中溶解氧质量浓度减少，材料塑性变差，断裂时间、伸长率和断面收缩率不断降低，氢脆系数增加，氢脆敏感性提高。     

铁死亡的机制及其在淋巴瘤中的研究进展

淋巴瘤是常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤，对人类健康造成极大的威胁。目前淋巴瘤的治疗方法包括化疗、分子靶向治疗、造血干细胞移植等，但耐药和复发难治仍是待解决的问题。铁死亡是新发现的一种细胞死亡模式，与铁依赖性的脂质过氧化损伤相关。靶向铁死亡为抑制淋巴瘤进展提供了新思路。本文从铁死亡的起始信号、中间事件、效应阶段、防御机制来阐述铁死亡的机制并回顾了铁死亡在淋巴瘤中的研究进展，为铁死亡在淋巴瘤治疗方法的应用方面提供新的思路。     

Engineering Morphologies of Cobalt Pyrophosphates Nanostructures toward Greatly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Herein, a surfactant‐ and additive‐free strategy is developed for morphology‐controllable synthesis of cobalt pyrophosphate (CoPPi) nanostructures by tuning the concentration and ratio of the precursor solutions of Na₄P₂O₇ and Co(CH₃COO)₂. A series of CoPPi nanostructures including nanowires, nanobelts, nanoleaves, and nanorhombuses are prepared and exhibit very promising electrocatalytic properties toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Acting as both reactant and pseudo‐surfactant, the existence of excess Na₄P₂O₇ is essential to synthesize CoPPi nanostructures for unique morphologies. Among all CoPPi nanostructures, the CoPPi nanowires catalyst renders the best catalytic performance for OER in alkaline media, achieving a low Tafel slope of 54.1 mV dec⁻¹, a small overpotential of 359 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², and superior stability. The electrocatalytic activities of CoPPi nanowires outperform the most reported non‐noble metal based catalysts, even better than the benchmark Ir/C (20%) catalyst. The reported synthesis of CoPPi gives guidance for morphology control of transition metal pyrophosphate based nanostructures for a high‐performance inexpensive material to replace the noble metal‐based OER catalysts.     

基于电化学原理的飞机燃油箱氧浓度机载测量技术

飞机燃油箱惰化系统属飞机燃油系统设计中重要的分系统，为了准确评估燃油箱惰化系统的功能与性能，需要根据飞机实际使用剖面和惰化系统设计特点确定适用的飞行测试方法。提出了一种基于电化学原理的飞机燃油箱氧浓度机载测量方法，用于飞行实时测量运输类飞机油箱内无油空间或惰化管路的气体氧浓度，并对飞行中的实际影响因素进行模拟分析。经过分析飞行实际环境影响因素、关键传感器匹配性以及原理样机的试验验证等工作，将燃油箱氧浓度机载测量技术转化为专用的飞机燃油箱氧浓度机载测量系统，并通过了飞行实测考验。试飞结果表明，该项技术能够实时准确测量运输类飞机各种状态下的燃油箱氧浓度，满足飞机燃油箱惰化系统的效能评估要求。     

有机激发三重态参与的光化学反应研究进展

光化学反应包括直接光解和间接氧化反应，其中间接氧化反应主要通过活性氧化性物种（reactive oxygen species, ROS）包括单线态氧（¹O₂）、过氧自由基（{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}）和羟基自由基（·OH）等进行。近年来，有机激发三重态（³C^*）作为一种特殊的氧化剂参与光化学反应引起了广泛关注。本文主要综述了有机三重态光敏剂的形成和光化学反应机制、³C^*参与的环境光化学反应、³C^*自由基寿命、反应速率及稳态浓度测定和激发三重态的应用5个方面，并对未来有机分子激发三重态的研究方向进行了展望，指出³C^*是很多挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）或半/中等挥发性有机化合物（S/IVOCs）在大气中重要的汇，自然水体中溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter，DOM）的激发三重态（³DOM^*）是污染物降解的主要氧化剂。今后应扩大³C^*与有机物反应的研究范畴，测定不同体系中³C^*的稳态浓度、产生速率（量子产率）等，为污染物治理提供理论依据。